Router :- It is layer 3 device of OSI reference model. Router is used to connect or communicate two or more than two different network each other. Router is also responsible for path selection of data to be travel from source to destination without any kind of trouble. Basically routers work on IP addresses. A router never broadcast at all.
Router are basically of two types
1) Modular:- These router are dynamic in nature. We can change individual port of dynamic router.
2) Non Modular :- These routers are static in nature and we can not change the port of the router. If any of the port is faulty then we must have to change the whole internal part of the router.
According to functionality routers are of three types:-
1) Core Router :- These are the router which became main backbone of the internet. This router must be able to support multiple telecommunication interfaces of highest speed of the internet. And also must be able to forward IP packets are very high speed.
2) Distributed Router :- These Routers distribute the internet. Means these are the routers which are used by the IPs and X-changes to distribute internet connection all over the world.
3) Access Router :- These Routers are for general public, every normal user access the internet from access router. These Routers are basically used in small organizations and homes. These Routers have less functionality then Distributed router and Core router.
SERIES OF ROUTERS
600, 700, 800, 1200, 1400, 1500, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2800, 2900, 3200, 3600, 3700, 4100, 4200, 7100, 7200, 7300, 7400, 7500, 7600, 10000, 12000.
From 600 to 2500 series of Routers these all are outdated. From 2600 to 3700 these Routers are Access Routers. From 4100 to 7400 these Routers are known as Distributed Router, 7500 to 12000 these routers are known as Core Routers. From 2600 to 12000 all series of Routers are also known as Modular Routers rest of the routers are Non Modular Routers accept 1800 and 1900.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ROUTER
1) PANEL :- Routers have two panels front and back panel.
Front :- It has only information about the Router's series.
Back :- All ports of the routers are present at the back panel, power supply too.
2) PORT
LAN PORTS :- Ethernet 10 Mbps speed
Fastethernet 100 Mbps speed , Gigaethernet 1000 Mbps speed, 10-Bt 10 base twisted pair cable, AUI 10 Mbps, DB- 15 port.
WAN PORT :- BRI ports and Serial ports. BRI ports are outdated means not in use now a days. So we should only talk about Serial Ports.
Serial ports have some sub parts like Simple serial 60 pins, WIC IT, NM 4 AS, NM 8AS.
Smart Serial have 13 pins, WIC 2T, WIC 3T, WIC 4T.
CONFIGURATION PORTS :- Consol and AUX ports are the ports using for configuration. AUX port is for telephone. Consol port is used for RJ45 connector's devices.
The combination of LAN ports and WAN ports are known as line.
MEMORY IN ROUTER
1) ROM :- Responsible for POST, mini IOS is here in RAM, compression of IOS is known as mini IOS.
2) RAM :- It is used to store the current configurations.
3) FLASH :- After the decompression the IOS is stored in flash memory.
4) NV RAM :- Where we can store our configuration files is known as NVRAM.
There are two types of IOS are in Router.
CISCO IOS :- this is internetwork O.S based on command line interface.
YATA :- this one is Graphical User Interface based.
1) Modular:- These router are dynamic in nature. We can change individual port of dynamic router.
2) Non Modular :- These routers are static in nature and we can not change the port of the router. If any of the port is faulty then we must have to change the whole internal part of the router.
According to functionality routers are of three types:-
1) Core Router :- These are the router which became main backbone of the internet. This router must be able to support multiple telecommunication interfaces of highest speed of the internet. And also must be able to forward IP packets are very high speed.
2) Distributed Router :- These Routers distribute the internet. Means these are the routers which are used by the IPs and X-changes to distribute internet connection all over the world.
3) Access Router :- These Routers are for general public, every normal user access the internet from access router. These Routers are basically used in small organizations and homes. These Routers have less functionality then Distributed router and Core router.
SERIES OF ROUTERS
600, 700, 800, 1200, 1400, 1500, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2800, 2900, 3200, 3600, 3700, 4100, 4200, 7100, 7200, 7300, 7400, 7500, 7600, 10000, 12000.
From 600 to 2500 series of Routers these all are outdated. From 2600 to 3700 these Routers are Access Routers. From 4100 to 7400 these Routers are known as Distributed Router, 7500 to 12000 these routers are known as Core Routers. From 2600 to 12000 all series of Routers are also known as Modular Routers rest of the routers are Non Modular Routers accept 1800 and 1900.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ROUTER
1) PANEL :- Routers have two panels front and back panel.
Front :- It has only information about the Router's series.
Back :- All ports of the routers are present at the back panel, power supply too.
2) PORT
LAN PORTS :- Ethernet 10 Mbps speed
Fastethernet 100 Mbps speed , Gigaethernet 1000 Mbps speed, 10-Bt 10 base twisted pair cable, AUI 10 Mbps, DB- 15 port.
WAN PORT :- BRI ports and Serial ports. BRI ports are outdated means not in use now a days. So we should only talk about Serial Ports.
Serial ports have some sub parts like Simple serial 60 pins, WIC IT, NM 4 AS, NM 8AS.
Smart Serial have 13 pins, WIC 2T, WIC 3T, WIC 4T.
CONFIGURATION PORTS :- Consol and AUX ports are the ports using for configuration. AUX port is for telephone. Consol port is used for RJ45 connector's devices.
The combination of LAN ports and WAN ports are known as line.
MEMORY IN ROUTER
1) ROM :- Responsible for POST, mini IOS is here in RAM, compression of IOS is known as mini IOS.
2) RAM :- It is used to store the current configurations.
3) FLASH :- After the decompression the IOS is stored in flash memory.
4) NV RAM :- Where we can store our configuration files is known as NVRAM.
There are two types of IOS are in Router.
CISCO IOS :- this is internetwork O.S based on command line interface.
YATA :- this one is Graphical User Interface based.
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